Introduction to acetonitrile application and precautions

Application of acetonitrile

1. Chemical analysis and instrumental analysis

Acetonitrile has been used as an organic modifier and solvent in thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, spectroscopic and polarographic analysis in recent years. Since high-purity acetonitrile does not absorb ultraviolet rays at 200nm to 400nm, an application being developed is as a solvent for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which can make the analytical sensitivity as high as 10-9.

2. Hydrocarbon extraction and separation solvent

Acetonitrile is a widely used solvent, mainly used as a solvent for extractive distillation to separate butadiene from C4 hydrocarbons. Acetonitrile is also used for the separation of other hydrocarbons, such as the separation of propylene, isoprene and methyl acetylene from hydrocarbon fractions. Acetonitrile is also used for some special separations, such as extracting and separating fatty acids from vegetable oil and cod liver oil, so that the treated oil has a light color, purity, and improved odor, while the vitamin content remains unchanged. Acetonitrile is also widely used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical, pesticide, textile, and plastic sectors.

3. Synthetic intermediates of pharmaceuticals and pesticides

Acetonitrile can be used to synthesize various pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates. In medicine, it is used to synthesize a series of important drug intermediates such as vitamin B1, metronidazole, ethambutol, triamterene, adenine and ditidine; in pesticides, it is used to synthesize pyrethroids Insecticides and pesticide intermediates such as acetoxicarb.

4. Semiconductor cleaning agent

Acetonitrile is a highly polar organic solvent, which has good solubility to grease, inorganic salts, organic matter and polymer compounds, and can clean grease, wax, fingerprints, corrosives and flux residues on silicon wafers. Therefore, high-purity acetonitrile can be used as a semiconductor cleaning agent.

5. Other applications

In addition to the above applications, acetonitrile can also be used as organic synthesis raw materials, catalysts or components of transition metal complex catalysts. In addition, acetonitrile has applications in fabric dyeing and coating formulations, and it is an effective stabilizer for chlorinated solvents.

Precautions for ACN

1. Precautions for operation

Strictly sealed, provide sufficient local exhaust and comprehensive ventilation. The operation is as mechanized and automated as possible. Operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear filter gas masks (full face masks), self-contained breathing apparatus or ventilated respirators, wear tape protective clothing, and wear rubber oil-resistant gloves. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Keep away from flammable and combustible materials. Prevent vapors from escaping into workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, and alkalis. When handling, load and unload lightly to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may be harmful residues.

2. Precautions for storage

Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. Storage temperature should not exceed 30°C. Keep container tightly closed. It should be stored separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis, flammable (combustible) substances, and food chemicals, and should not be stored together. Explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities are adopted. Prohibit the use of mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.